Regijsko srečanje mladih raziskovalcev 2017
Vpliv navadnega češmina (Berberis vulgaris) na rast plesni in kvasovk ekološkega sadja
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorja: Gregor Jakelj, Andrej Papler
Mentorica: mag. Marjetka Kastelic Švab
V današnjem času je vedno več povpraševanja po ekološko pridelanem sadju. Vendar je tako sadje zelo težko prodajati v velikih količinah, saj lahko hitro pride do okužb in s tem do propada sadja v hitrem času. Da bi dosegli pri skladiščenju sadja daljšo obstojnost, se v veliki meri uporabljajo škropila, ki so strupena za ljudi. V raziskovalni nalogi smo želeli ugotoviti, ali je možno pridobiti škropilo proti plesni na sadju, ki ne bi bilo sintetično, vendar pridobljeno iz naravnih snovi. Odločili smo se, da uporabimo navadni češmin (Berberis vulgaris), ki v listih, lubju in koreninah vsebuje alkaloide, predvsem pa je znan po alkaloidu berberinu, ki učinkuje na patogene mikroorganizme. Tako smo želeli v nalogi ugotoviti antibiotični učinek navadnega češmina na mikroorganizme, ki se nahajajo na lupini ekološko pridelanega sadja. V raziskovalnem delu naloge smo izvedli različne mikrobiološke laboratorijske tehnike: odvzem vzorca, priprava gojišča, aseptična tehnika, izolacija in gojenje kulture, tehnika priprave čistih kultur in na koncu še izvedba metode difuzijskega antibiograma za določanje občutljivosti mikroorganizmov na antibiotične oz. antimikotične snovi v navadnem češminu. S poskusi smo dokazali, da v boju s kvasovkami in plesnimi ekstrakt navadnega češmina le malo učinkuje nanje oz. slabo zavira njihovo rast.
In todays’ times there’s more and more demand for eco fruits. But selling eco fruits in large doses is often hard because the fruits can quickly become damaged and can lose their appealing looks. To achieve longer shelf times, big companies often use certain way of treatments, which can cause damage to the consumer. In this project we tried to find a spray, which would not be syntethic, but natural. We decided to use common barberry (Berberis vulgaris), which has in its leaves, bark and roots alcaloids. The most known is berberin, which can effect pathogen microorganisms. That is why, in this project, we wanted to research the antibiotic effect of the common barberry on microorganisms, which we found on the outside shell of eco fruits. We did this using a few microbiological techniques, such as: sample collection, preparation of the medium, aseptic technique, isolation and cultivation of microorganisms, preparation of pure cultures and the diffusion antibiogram for gathering the data about the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the antibiotic (antimicotic) particles in the common barberry. With our experiments we proved that the extract of the common barberry effects the mold and yeast only a little bit and badly stops their growth.
Vermikompostiranje, kompostiranje s kalifornijskimi deževniki
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorica: Tija Zagmajster
Mentorica: Marija Urankar
V poskusu, ki je potekal med 20. aprilom in 26. avgustom 2016, smo ugotavljali hitrost kompostiranja treh različnih vrst organskih materialov s pomočjo kalifornijskih deževnikov. V ta namen smo napolnili tri terarije dimenzij 50 cm x 30 cm x 50 cm: prvega s hlevskim gnojem, drugega z rastlinskimi ostanki z vrta ter tretjega s slamo in časopisnim papirjem. V vsak terarij smo naložili organski material in dodali po 150 kalifornijskih deževnikov. Med kompostiranjem smo v vsakem terariju na treh višinah merili temperaturo (2 cm nad tlemi terarija, na sredini kompostirajoče organske snovi in 2 cm pod gornjim nivojem kompostnega kupa). Vzporedno z merjenjem temperatur v kompostnem kupu smo merili tudi temperaturo zraka. Poleg tega smo merili nižanje nivoja organske mase v terariju. Meritve so pokazale, da so bile najvišje temperature v terariju s slamo in časopisom, in sicer 2 cm pod zgornjim nivojem kompostnega kupa. Najnižje temperature pa so bile prav tako zabeležene v tem terariju, 20. 5. 2016 sem v njem izmerila 18 °C na sredini kompostnega kupa in 2 cm od tal terarija ter 17 °C 2 cm pod gornjim nivojem ompostnega kupa. Po izmerjenih podatkih je kompostiranje najhitreje potekalo v terariju z rastlinskimi ostanki z vrta, kjer je trajalo dobra dva meseca. V terariju s hlevskim gnojem je kompostiranje potekalo dobre tri mesece. V terariju s slamo in časopisnim papirjem pa kompostiranje ni poteklo do konca. Tukaj se je začela razvijati plesen in večina deževnikov je poginila. Največ komposta smo pridelali v terariju s hlevskim gnojem, ki je tehtal 22,2 kg. Tu se je razmnožilo tudi največ deževnikov, saj je bilo ob koncu kompostiranja v njem kar 1137 kalifornijskih deževnikov. V terariju z odpadki z vrta je nastalo 17,4 kg komposta in se namnožilo 530 kalifornijskih deževnikov. V terariju s slamo in časopisnim papirjem je ob koncu poskusa ostalo le še 99 deževnikov.
In the experiment, which took place from 20th April to 26th August 2016, we examined the speed of the composting of three different types of organic materials using Californian earthworms. For that purpose we filled the first terrarium in dimensions 50x30x50 cm with manure, the second with crop residue from the garden, and the third with straw and newspaper. Each terrarium was loaded with organic material and with 150 Californian earthworms. During composting, we measured the temperature in each terrarium. We did this at three different heights (2 cm above the floor of the terrarium, in the middle of the composting organic matter and 2 cm below the upper level of the compost pile. Simultaneously we also measured the air temperature and the decrease in the level of organic matter in each terrarium. Measurements showed that the maximum temperatures occurred in the terrarium with straw and newspapers on the level 2 cm below the upper level of the compost pile. Also the lowest temperatures were recorded in the same terrarium – that happened on 20th May 2016, when we measured 18 °C in the middle of the compost pile and 2 cm from the floor of the terrarium and 17 °C 2 cm below the compost pile. According to the measured data the fastest composting happened in a terrarium with garden plant residues which took more than two months. In the terrarium with manure the composting lasted over three months, while composting in a terrarium with straw and newspapers didn’t finish at all, besides that the mold occurred and most of the earthworms died. We produced most of the compost in a terrarium with manure, it weighed 22.2 kg. Also the reproduction of the earthworms was the most successful in this terrarium – there were 1137 Californian earthworms at the end of the composting in it. The terrarium with garden waste generated 17.4 kg of compost and the number of Californian earthworms in it has risen to 530. In a terrarium with straw and newspapers was at the end of the experiment only 99 earthworms.
Zdravljenje onihomikoz z naravnimi antimikotiki
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorja: Demir Koštić, Tilen Heberle
Mentorica: mag. Marjetka Kastelic Švab
Onihomikoze so glivične okužbe nohtov, ki jih povzročajo dermatofiti, redkeje kvasovke in nekatere plesni. Povzročitelje v medicini dokazujemo z mikološko preiskavo, ki jo opravljajo le v mikoloških laboratorijih. Povzročitelja onihomikoze Trichopython rubrum smo dokazali na Sabouradovem agarju, ki je gojišče za plesni. Vzorce smo odvzeli z različnih mest okuženega nohta, pred čiščenjem s 70 % alkoholom in po čiščenju z alkoholom. Od 10-ih poskusov odvzema vzorca (nohtna posteljica in stranski rob nohta) so bili samo trije pozitivni s poraslostjo glivic na agarju. Po identifikaciji dermatofita (kulture) s KOH sva ugotovila, da je Sabouradov agar primerno gojišče za onihomikoze. Ta agar smo uporabili, ker s Sabouradovim agarjem lažje določimo plesni, kakor z DTA agarjem. Z difuzijskim antibiogramom smo ugotovili, da najbolje zavira rast Trichopython rubrum jabolčni kis z večjimi inhibicijskimi conami pri 9 % kisu in z manjšimi inhibicijskimi conami pri 4 % jabolčnem kisu. Z višjo koncentracijo kisa v raztopini smo dobili večje inhibicijske cone.
Onychomycosis are fungal infections of the nail caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and rarely mold. Perpetrators in medicine are proven by mycological investigation, which is carried out only in mycological laboratories. We proved the perpetrator of onychomycosis using Sabouraud agar, which is a breeding ground for mold. The samples were taken away from various places of the infected nail, one before cleaning with 70 % alcohol and one after cleaning with alcohol. From 10 Petri dishes only 3 were positive to the presence of fungi (nail bed and the side edge). After identification of dermatophyte (culture) with KOH we found out that Sabouraud agar is appropriate medium for onychomycosis. We used this agar because Sabouraud agar can determine the mold easier than DTA agar. With the diffusion antibiogram, we found out that the best inhibitor of Trichophython rubrum growth is apple vinegar, with bigger inhibition zones at 9 % vinegar and with smaller inhibtion zones at 4% apple vinegar. With bigger concentration of vinegar in solution, we got bigger inhibition zones.
Po žirovskih stopinjah
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorice: Nikita Trček, Tjaša Trček, Manca Jerala
Mentorica: Mojca Logar
Žiri so mesto, ki so v svetu poznane predvsem po tovarni obutve Alpina. A tu imamo še veliko več zanimivih točk, ki jih poznamo domačini in so zanimive za turiste. Zato smo se odločile popestriti turistično ponudbo. Zamislile smo si enodnevni izlet na žirovsko. Obsegal bi kulturno, naravno in zgodovinsko dediščino, zraven pa bi vključile tudi kulinarično ponudbo. Predstavljamo raznolikost kraja, ki leži na stiku Gorenjske, Notranjske in Primorske. Zgodovina, kultura in narava tukaj odslikavajo svojo raznolikost. Z vodenimi in organiziranimi izleti bi v Žiri privabili več obiskovalcev in turistov. Tako bi lokalna skupnost, turistični in gostinski delavci obiskovalce zadržali v Žireh dlje časa, turizem in z njim povezane dejavnosti pa bi postale pomembnejša gospodarska panoga v Žireh.
Žiri is a small town mostly known after the world famous footwear factory Alpina. But there are also a lot of other sights here which are interesting for tourists. And that’s why we decided to make the tourist programme a little bit more interesting. We came up with a one-day trip to Žiri. This trip includes cultural, natural and historical heritage alongside with culinary specialities. We present the diversity of this area that lies on the ”crossroads” of three different Slovenian regions – Upper Carniola, Inner Carniola and Primorska. History, culture and nature reflect their diversity. With guided and organised tours, this place would attract more tourists and visitors. This is an opportunity for local community, tourism and restaurant workers to keep people here a little longer. Tourism and activities associated with it would become a bigger industry in Žiri.
Druga stran zgodbe
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorici: Polona Meglič, Sabina Tomše
Mentorica: Marija Jerše
Ženske so skozi zgodovino veljale za trpeča bitja, podrejena moškim. Dekleta so morala biti matere, ženske so morale biti doma. Nekatere izmed njih so vedele, da so močnejše od moških in niso želele slepo slediti predpisani normi, predvsem so to bile ženske v urbanem okolju. Toda te ženske so bile srečne, ker so počele tisto, kar jih je najbolj veselilo in za kar so v srcu čutile, da je najbolj prav.
V učnem načrtu za gimnazijo so med obveznimi besedili za obravnavo v razredu predvidena dela petih ženskih ustvarjalk, in sicer Josipina Turnograjska, Svetlana Makarovič, Maja Vidmar, Maja Haderlap in Berta Bojetu. In še to vedno izbirna, kar pomeni, da se lahko zgodi, da v vseh štirih letih ni obravnavana nobena izmed slovenskih ženskih ustvarjalk.
Ena izmed večjih herojin v slovenski literaturi je Hudabivška Meta, upornica zoper sistem in glasnica krivic, ki se dogajajo ljudem brez pravic.
Pregledali sva tudi dobitnice literarnih nagrad in ugotovili, da so ženske še vedno v manjšini.
Throughout the history women were considered as suffering beings, inferior to men. It was a young woman’s duty to give birth and a woman had to stay at home, looking after children. Some of them were aware of the fact that they were stronger than men and did not wish to stick to the norms blindly. These were mostly the women originating from the urban environments. They were happy because they could be active doing things they like doing most and they felt was right.
Gymnasium curriculum prescribes class discussion of literary works written by five female writers: Josipina Turnograjska, Svetlana Makarovič, Maja Vidmar, Maja Haderlap and Berta Bojetu. They are optional, which can lead to omission of literary works written by female writers.
One of the main heroines in Slovene literature is Hudabivška Meta, a rebel against the system and the messenger of injustice that people without rights are faced with.
We have also researched female literary award winners and street namings of certain Slovene towns which has led us to the findings that women are still in minority.
S knjigobežnico do branja
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorji: Mojca Naglič, Jera Gregorc, Uroš Hribar
Mentorica: Bernarda Božnar
Raziskovalna naloga »S knjigobežnico do branja« predstavlja nov pristop do branja in spodbuja povezovanje med ljudmi. Gre za nekakšno »hiško«, iz katere vzameš knjigo, ki ti je zanimiva in bi jo rad prebral, sam pa notri položiš knjigo, ki je ne potrebuješ. V nalogi je predstavljen pomen branja in raziskava, koliko, kje in kaj mladi berejo. V Sloveniji je že kar nekaj postavljenih in delujočih knjigobežnic, vendar jih večina ljudi še ne pozna in ne uporablja. Sami smo si ogledali nekaj primerov na Gorenjskem in se nato lotili izdelave in postavitve knjigobežnice v Parku medonosnih rastlin na BC Naklo. Da bi naša knjigobežnica lažje zaživela, smo se odločili za promocijo v različnih razredih in med zaposlenimi. Tako smo marsikoga spodbudili k branju in izmenjavi knjig.
The research paper »S knjigobežnico do branja« explores a new approach to reading and promotes among people. »Knjigobežnica« is a »small house« from which you take the book that you find interesting and would like to read, and drop one that you do not need or want to give to someone else. The paper stresses the importance of reading and researches how, where and what young people read. In Slovenia the so-called »knjigobežnica« points are well established and functioning, but most people do not know and use. We ourselves have seen several cases in Gorenjska and then decided to make and install one in The Honey Park of BC Naklo. To bring our »knjigobežnica« closer to people, we decided to promote it in different classes and among the employees in order to encourage people to read and exchange books.
Šport in družina
Šola: Biotehniški center Naklo
Avtorica: Katarina Mikolič
Mentor: Andraž Kalamar
Družina in šport sta ključna dejavnika v seminarski nalogi. Ukvarjala sem se z družino, njenim pomenom, oblikam (tipologija) in funkcijam. Izpostavila sem položaj in razvoj otroka v družini. Družina otroku predstavi zunanji svet, mu poda vzorce po katerih se zgleduje ter ga pripravi na nadaljnje življenje. Prav tako pa ima pomembno vlogo pri gibalnem razvoju otrok.
V teoretičnem delu seminarske naloge sem se poleg družine omejila tudi na šport. Osredotočila sem se predvsem na mladega športnika, na družino, v kateri živi, kako družina vpliva na šport posameznika. Predstavila sem športnikovo osebnost ter izpostavila odnos med starši, športnikom in trenerjem. Zanimala me je predvsem povezava med športom in družino.
V empiričnem delu sem raziskala vlogo družine v športu posameznika. S pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika in intervjuji sem pridobila rezultate, ki sem jih dopolnjevala s teorijo ter primerjala z zastavljenimi hipotezami. Ugotovila sem, da ima družina pomembno vlogo v športu svojih otrok, najbolj v njihovem zgodnjem otroštvu.